Analysis of the Causes and Psychosocial Trauma Associated with Banditry and Cattle Rustling in Maru LGA, Zamfara State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study examined the major causes and traumatic effects of banditry and cattle rustling among residents of Maru Local Government Area of Zamfara State, Nigeria with the aim of providing empirical evidence on the nature of these crimes and their psychological impact on residents. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. The study covered five wards: Kanoma, Mayanchi, Dan Gulbi, Dan Sadau, and Dan Kurmi. Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to 393 respondents and Key Informant Interviews with traditional leaders and security personnel, supplemented by direct observation. Findings revealed that lack of effective security and corruption (98%), availability of small and light weapons (97.5%), unemployment among youths (93.1%), farmers/herders clashes (89.8%), and displacement caused by civil wars in neighbouring countries (87.3%) were major causes of banditry and cattle rustling. Natural disasters such as drought and climate change were also identified by 74.8% of respondents as contributing factors. The study further revealed severe traumatic effects on residents. Rape-related stigmatization recorded the highest mean score (4.62), followed by psychological trauma caused by banditry (4.53), vulnerability of women and children (4.47), and high blood pressure among residents (4.41). The study concludes that insecurity in the area is largely driven by socio-economic hardship, weak security systems, and environmental pressures. It recommends improved security measures, youth empowerment programs, control of illegal arms, provision of basic amenities, and stronger collaboration between government, security agencies, and local communities to address the menace effectively.